Australian clinical researchers have noted an extraordinary and unexpected benefit of osteoporosis treatment - that people taking bisphosphonates are not only surviving well, better than people without osteoporosis, they appear to be gaining an extra five years of life.

Associate Professor Jacqueline Center and Professor John Eisman, from Sydney's Garvan Institute of Medical Research, based their findings on data from the long running Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study*.

Out of a total cohort of around 2,000, a sub-group of 121 people were treated with bisphosphonates for an average of 3 years. When compared with other sub-groups taking other forms of treatment, such as Vitamin D (with or without calcium) or hormone therapy, the longer life associated with bisphosphonate treatment was marked and clear.

These findings are published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, now online.

"While the results seemed surprisingly good, they are borne out by the data - within the limitations of any study - and appear to apply to men as well as women," said Associate Professor Center.

"When we first looked at the figures, we thought that there had to be a fallacy, that we were missing something. One of the most obvious things might be that these are people who seek medical attention, so may be healthier and live longer. So we compared the bisphosphonate group with people taking Vitamin D and calcium or women on hormone therapy."

"The comparison against these other groups of similarly health-aware people simply confirmed that our results were not skewed by that factor."

"In a group of women with osteoporotic fractures over the age of 75, you would expect 50% to die over a period of five years. Among women in that age group who took bisphosphonates, the death rate dropped to 10%."

"Similarly, in a group of younger women, where you would expect 20-25% to die over 5 years, there were no deaths."

"The data were consistent with about a 5 year survival advantage for people on bisphosphonates."

The authors are intrigued by their findings. "We speculate that it may have something to do with the fact that bone acts as a repository for toxic heavy metals such as lead and cadmium," said Professor Eisman.

"So when people get older, they lose bone. When this happens, these toxic materials are released back into the body and may adversely affect health."

"By preventing bone loss, bisphosphonates prevent some of this toxic metal release. While we know that this is the case, we don't yet have evidence that this produces the survival benefit."

Osteoporosis is a serious and disabling condition that affects around 2 million Australians. Someone is admitted to hospital with an osteoporotic fracture every 5-6 minutes, averaging 262 hospitalisations each day. It has already been shown by Garvan and others that osteoporotic fractures increase a person's risk of dying, even after relatively minor fractures if that person is elderly.

"Osteoporosis is a big societal burden and remains a poorly understood and severely undertreated disease in Australia," said Eisman.

"Only about 30% of women and 10% of men with osteoporosis receive treatment, which is unacceptable when you consider that people could be helped, and death could be delayed by several years. There is good evidence - even without this study - that treating osteoporosis reduces fractures and reduces mortality."

"While osteoporosis is clearly under-recognised and under-treated, the findings of this study are important to better understanding the benefits of these treatments and may directly influence doctors' practice. It was unexpected and remarkable to find that not only osteoporosis but also life expectancy appear to be improved for people taking bisphosphonates," said Dr Christine Bennett, Chair of the Bupa Health Foundation Steering Committee and Bupa Australia's Chief Medical Officer.

"Bupa Health Foundation is proud to have supported this valuable research since 2005 and we see its findings as a major breakthrough that can now guide doctors' treatment decisions for these very vulnerable older people."

Like any pharmaceutical product, bisphosphonates may have unpredictable side effects in a small minority of people and should only be used for their approved purpose.

*Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study

The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study is an ongoing population-based study that started in 1989 in Dubbo, a city with a population of 32,000 in regional New South Wales. The study cohort is women (1223) and men (898) over the age of 60. Approximately 60% of eligible people were recruited into the study.

Acknowledgements And Disclosure Summary

This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council Australia, The Bupa Health Foundation, the Ernst Heine Foundation, and untied grants from Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi- Aventis, Servier and Novartis. There was no financial compensation paid to any of the participants in the study. The study sponsors had no role in the study design, nor the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data.

Associate Professor Center has been supported by and/or has given educational talks for Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis and Sanofi-Aventis. Professor Eisman has consulted for and/or received research funding from Amgen, deCode, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis and Servier. The other authors on the paper have nothing to disclose.

Source:
Garvan Institute of Medical Research
Bupa Health Foundation