Janssen®, Division of Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. has announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the Supplemental New Drug Applications (sNDAs) for the use of RISPERDAL® CONSTA® (risperidone) Long-Acting Treatment as both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy to lithium or valproate in the maintenance treatment of Bipolar I Disorder.
Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person's mood, energy and ability to function. It is often characterized by debilitating mood swings from extreme highs (mania) to extreme lows (depression). Type I Bipolar Disorder is characterized based on the occurrence of at least one manic episode, with or without the occurrence of a major depressive episode, and affects approximately 1 percent of the American adult population in any given year.
"Long-acting therapies are moving to the forefront of treatment for mental illness, and the approval of risperidone long-acting treatment for Bipolar Disorder is exciting because it offers physicians assurance that the medication is being taken as prescribed," said Caleb Adler, M.D., principal investigator and associate professor of Clinical Psychiatry at the University of Cincinnati. "Further the bi-weekly administration schedule encourages regular contact between patients and their treatment team."
The approval is based on two prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies for the long-term treatment of Bipolar I Disorder. The first demonstrated that RISPERDAL® CONSTA®, when used as a monotherapy, was significantly better than placebo at delaying the time to relapse of any mood episode. The second study demonstrated that, for patients already taking lithium or valproate, the addition of RISPERDAL® CONSTA® significantly delayed the time to relapse compared to current treatments plus placebo.
"We are very pleased with this FDA approval for RISPERDAL® CONSTA®," said Husseini Manji, M.D., Global Therapeutic Area Head, Neuroscience, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development. "We are committed to creating new, long-acting therapies that offer safe and effective products for treating patients with mental illnesses. This approval provides physicians and patients with a new treatment option that offers a convenient and effective choice to delay relapse."
RISPERDAL® CONSTA® was approved in 2003 as an atypical antipsychotic agent indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and is now the first and only long-acting injectable antipsychotic therapy available for the treatment of schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder.
Visit risperdalconsta for full prescribing information.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION FOR PROFESSIONALS ABOUT RISPERDAL® CONSTA®
WARNING: Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis
Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Analyses of 17 placebo-controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks), largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs, revealed a risk of death in the drug-treated patients of between 1.6 to 1.7 times the risk of death in placebo-treated patients. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in the placebo group. Although the causes of death were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (e.g., heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (e.g., pneumonia) in nature. Observational studies suggest that, similar to atypical antipsychotic drugs, treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs may increase mortality. The extent to which the findings of increased mortality in observational studies may be attributed to the antipsychotic drug as opposed to some characteristic(s) of the patients is not clear. RISPERDAL® CONSTA® (risperidone) is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis.
Cerebrovascular Adverse Events (CAEs): CAEs, including fatalities, have been reported in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis taking oral risperidone in clinical trials. The incidence of CAEs with risperidone was significantly higher than with placebo. RISPERDAL® CONSTA® is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): NMS, a potentially fatal symptom complex, has been reported with the use of antipsychotic medications, including RISPERDAL® CONSTA®. Clinical manifestations include muscle rigidity, fever, altered mental status and evidence of autonomic instability (see full Prescribing Information). Management should include immediate discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs and other drugs not essential to concurrent therapy, intensive symptomatic treatment and medical monitoring, and treatment of any concomitant serious medical problems.
Tardive Dyskinesia (TD): TD is a syndrome of potentially irreversible, involuntary, dyskinetic movements that may develop in patients treated with antipsychotic medications. The risk of developing TD and the likelihood that dyskinetic movements will become irreversible are believed to increase with duration of treatment and total cumulative dose. Elderly patients appeared to be at increased risk for TD. Prescribing should be consistent with the need to minimize the risk of TD. The syndrome may remit, partially or completely, if antipsychotic treatment is withdrawn.
Hyperglycemia and Diabetes: Hyperglycemia, some cases extreme and associated with ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma or death has been reported in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics (APS), including RISPERDAL® CONSTA®. Patients starting treatment with APS who have or are at risk for diabetes should undergo fasting blood glucose testing at the beginning of and during treatment. Patients who develop symptoms of hyperglycemia should also undergo fasting blood glucose testing.
Hyperprolactinemia: As with other drugs that antagonize dopamine D2 receptors, RISPERDAL® CONSTA® elevates prolactin levels and the elevation persists during chronic administration. Risperidone is associated with higher levels of prolactin elevation than other antipsychotic agents.
Orthostatic Hypotension: RISPERDAL® CONSTA® may induce orthostatic hypotension associated with dizziness, tachycardia, and in some patients, syncope, especially during the initial dose-titration period. Monitoring should be considered in patients for whom this may be of concern. RISPERDAL® CONSTA® should be used with caution in patients with known cardiovascular disease, and conditions that would predispose patients to hypotension.
Leukopenia, Neutropenia and Agranulocytosis have been reported with antipsychotics, including risperidone. Patients with a pre-existing low white blood cell count (WBC) or a history of leukopenia/neutropenia should have frequent complete blood cell counts during the first few months of therapy. At the first sign of a decline in WBC and in the absence of other causative factors, discontinuation of Risperdal Consta should be considered.
Potential for Cognitive and Motor Impairment: RISPERDAL® CONSTA® has the potential to impair judgment, thinking, or motor skills. Patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including motor vehicles, until they are reasonably certain that RISPERDAL® CONSTA® does not affect them adversely.
Seizures: RISPERDAL® CONSTA® should be used cautiously in patients with a history of seizures or with conditions that potentially lower seizure threshold.
Dysphagia: Esophageal dysmotility and aspiration can occur. Use cautiously in patients at risk for aspiration pneumonia.
Priapism has been reported. Severe priapism may require surgical intervention.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) has been reported.
Administration: Care should be taken to avoid inadvertent injection into a blood vessel.
Suicide: The possibility of suicide attempt is inherent in psychotic illnesses. Close supervision of high-risk patients should accompany drug therapy.
Increased sensitivity in patients with Parkinson's disease or those with dementia with Lewy bodies has been reported. Manifestations and features are consistent with NMS.
Use Risperdal Consta with caution in patients with conditions and medical conditions that could affect metabolism or hemodynamic responses. (e.g. Recent Myocardial infarction or unstable cardiac disease)
Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS): The overall incidence of EPS-related adverse events in patients treated with 25 mg and 50 mg of RISPERDAL® CONSTA® and placebo, respectively, were akathisia* (4%, 11%, 6%), Parkinsonism† (8%, 15%, 9%) and tremor (0%, 3%, 0%).
* Akathisia and restlessness
† Extrapyramidal disorder, musculoskeletal stiffness, muscle rigidity, and bradykinesia
Weight Gain: In a 12-week trial, the percentage of patients experiencing weight gain (>7% of baseline body weight) was 6% placebo versus 9% RISPERDAL® CONSTA®.
Maintenance Treatment: Patients should be periodically reassessed to determine the need for continued treatment.
Commonly Observed Adverse Reactions for RISPERDAL® CONSTA®: The most common adverse reactions in clinical trials in patients with schizophrenia (≥5%) were headache, Parkinsonism, dizziness, akathisia, fatigue, constipation, dyspepsia, sedation, weight increase, pain in extremities, and dry mouth.
The most common adverse reactions in clinical trials in patients with bipolar disorder trials were weight increased (5% in monotherapy trial) and tremor and parkinsonism (> 10% in adjunctive therapy trial).
Source:
Srikant Ramaswami
Johnson & Johnson
View drug information on Risperdal Oral Formulation.